Epiganthus presenting as respiratory distress in a male neonate: A rare case report.

An epignathus is an extremely rare form of oropharyngeal teratoma that arises from the oral cavity, most commonly from the palate and is associated with a high mortality secondary to airway obstruction in the neonatal period. It predominantly occurs in females. Here, we are presenting a case of giant epignathus in a male baby with associated cleft palate.

Oat Cell Carcinoma Lung Presenting as Chest Wall Swelling.

Chest wall swelling originating from lung is an uncommon phenomenon that makes its diagnosis a challenging task. We present a case where an 82-year-old man, a lifetime smoker, presented with a chest swelling. The origin of the swelling was an extension of a peripherally located lung malignancy diagnosed with the help of contrast-enhanced CT chest and confirmed as oat(or anaplastic) cell carcinoma on histology. After complete workup it was diagnosed as metastatic small cell carcinoma lung. Patient was managed with palliative chemoradiotherapy.

A Peculiar Case of Hydatid Disease.

Hydatid disease primarily affects the liver which is the most common location. This article highlights a rare representation of the hydatid disease which has led to hematogenous spread of the disease and gives us a wider picture that how a common disease can have an uncommon presentation. Another point that is addressed in this research article is that the widely accepted classification systems for hydatid disease can be modified even further, making them even more accurate. Here, we present a case of a 32-year-old male (non-smoker and non-alcoholic) who presented with focal neurological deficit, diffuse headache, diffuse abdominal pain, and breathing difficulties for the past six months. The patient is a known farmer and lives in an agricultural sheep-grazing area. With the help of MRI brain and non-contrast CT (NCCT) chest and abdomen, it was confirmed to be a case of multiple hepatic hydatid cysts in various stages, with transdiaphragmatic spread to adjacent lung and cerebral hydatidosis as evident by focal neurological deficit. No history of seizures has been given by the patient.

Role of platelet aggregation in metastatic breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in the world. Although early detection and systematic adjuvant therapy has improved survival, distant metastasis remains the leading cause of breast related mortality. The relationship between tumor and the hemostatic system is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of breast cancer progression. Tumors have the ability to induce platelet aggregation which is referred as tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA). This study highlights that increased platelet aggregation plays an important role in metastasis of breast cancer. The aim here is to study the role of platelet aggregation in metastatic breast cancer patients using: • ADP • Thrombin. METHODS: 30 cases (n = 30) of metastatic breast cancer and 30 controls (n = 30) of non-metastatic breast cancer which were clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed were included in this study. Platelet aggregation studies in vitro using ADP and Thrombin were performed using an optical aggregometer in both cases and controls. Other parameters like platelet count, histological grade and surrogate molecular classification was also correlated with platelet aggregation. RESULTS: In this study, increased aggregation was seen with ADP and thrombin in the metastatic cases and none showed increased aggregation in the non-metastatic breast cancer patients. Also, high platelet count and higher histological grade correlated with increased aggregation. However, no correlation was seen between platelet aggregation and the surrogate molecular classification. CONCLUSION: It was concluded from this study that platelet aggregation has an important part to play in the tumor metastasis of breast cancer patients.

Incidental Finding of Microfilariae in Cervicovaginal Smears on Liquid-based Cytology - A Case Report of two Cases with Review of Literature.

Filariasis is a vector-borne disease, which is quite common in tropical countries such as India. In India, it is most commonly caused either by Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi. It can present in any possible site, possibly, because of their ability to migrate along the lymphatics. Very few cases have been reported in the literature where microfilariae have been found in cervicovaginal smears. Most of the cases have been reported on conventional Pap smears. Here, we present two such cases where microfilaria was found as an incidental finding in liquid-based cytology preparation.

Rising dysmorphia among adolescents : A cause for concern.

INTRODUCTION: Body dysmorphic disorder is defined as a preoccupation with apparent defects in patient's appearance which causes significant distress and impairment. This study was conducted in 186 students who attended premedical preparation classes with the mean age of 16.81 years with the primary motive of determining body dysmorphia among adolescent age group. AIM: The main objective of this study is to assess body dysmorphia among teenage adolescents and young adults. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in premedical preparation class in January 2019. The student's ages range from 16 to 18 years with mean age being 16.81 years. Once verbal consent was obtained the students were asked to fill an anonymous predesigned questionnaire. Continuous variables were summarized as mean and standard deviations, whereas categorical variables were summarized as proportion (%). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: All the data from the questionnaire were extracted and compiled in MS Excel and percentage and frequencies were applied as needed. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 16.81+/- 0.82 years with almost equal percentage of females (52.13%) and males (47.84%). Our study shows that in general females are more dissatisfied from their body than males. Both sexes have different areas of concerns. In females, there is more discontent about body fat, facial hair, height, and complexion. In comparison in males the frustration is more regarding muscular body, acne, height, weight, and hair thinning. Despite differences in areas of concern both males and females show dissatisfaction with their body image. CONCLUSIONS: It has been concluded that there is a rising surgence of body dysmorphia in adolescents.

Disseminated Emergomyces pasteurianus Infection in India: A Case Report and a Review.

We report here a case of disseminated Emergomyces pasteurianus infection from India in a patient with AIDS. The patient presented with weight loss, dyspnoea and multiple non-tender skin lesions over face, neck and chest over 3 months. The case was diagnosed by microscopy, histopathology of sample and isolation of fungus from skin lesion, breast nodule, bone marrow and sputum. The identification of the isolates was confirmed by sequencing internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA, beta-tubulin, actin and intein PRP8. The patient responded well to intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate followed by itraconazole therapy.

Expression of p53, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-erbB2 in oral leukoplakias and oral squamous cell carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is a leading cause of cancer in India and contributes to 12% deaths worldwide. The identification of high-risk oral premalignant lesions such as leukoplakia and intervention at premalignant stages could result in significant loss of mortality and morbidity among these patients. The most frequently observed genetic aberrations in these lesions are of mutations in p53, c-erbB2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). No specific tumor markers have been identified consistently in oral leukoplakias and the available studies show wide variations in their expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of eighty cases were taken up for study which included forty cases of leukoplakia and forty cases of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the expression of markers p53 and EGFR in leukoplakia and SCC. The expression of p53 was correlated between leukoplakia, SCC, and control and was found to be significant (P ≤ 0.001). Similarly, EGFR expression was significant (P ≤ 0.001) between cases of leukoplakia, SCCs, and controls. c-erbB2 was found to be negative though cytoplasmic positivity was observed in a few cases. Similarly, in SCCs, it was observed that lesser the differentiation, more is the expression of both p53 and EGFR. Similarly, a definite correlation was observed between p53 and EGFR (P ≤ 0.001) but not with c-erbB2 (P ≤ 1.000). CONCLUSION: Thus, the author concludes that p53 and EGFR are useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of leukoplakia and their risk of malignant transformation.

Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus: frequently misdiagnosed as neonatal seizures.

18 neonates aged 5-60 days with Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus were identified. Fifteen neonates had been misdiagnosed as neonatal seizures before referral. All treatments were withdrawn once the diagnosis of benign neonatal sleep myoclonus was made. Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus should be considered early in the differential diagnosis of neonatal seizures.

Insulin-derived amyloidosis.

UNLABELLED: Amyloidosis is the term for diseases caused by the extracellular deposition of insoluble polymeric protein fibrils in tissues and organs. Insulin-derived amyloidosis is a rare, yet significant complication of insulin therapy. Insulin-derived amyloidosis at injection site can cause poor glycemic control and increased insulin dose requirements because of the impairment in insulin absorption, which reverse on change of injection site and/or excision of the mass. This entity should be considered and assessed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, in patients with firm/hard local site reactions, which do not regress after cessation of insulin injection at the affected site. SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed was searched with terms "insulin amyloidosis". Full text of articles available in English was reviewed. Relevant cross references were also reviewed. Last search was made on October 15, 2014.

Fibrinogen, Lp(a), Microalbuminuria and Left Ventricular Mass Index: Cardiovascular Disease Risk factors in Diabetes.

The present work was undertaken to study interrelation of Fibrinogen, Lp(a) and LVMI in Type II diabetes patients with or without nephropathy. 100 Type II Diabetic patients attending OPD/IPD of DMC&H, Ludhiana were included. They were divided in two groups. Group I: 50 patients without microalbuminuria (MAU). Group II: 50 patients with MAU. Fibrinogen (Clauss method), Lp(a) and MAU were estimated on Multichannel Autoanalyzer Hitachi-911 (Roche). LVMI was estimated by echocardiography using formula of Devereux and Reicheck. Type II diabetes patients with MAU had significantly raised levels of Fibrinogen, Lp(a), and LVMI as compared to normoalbuminuric diabetics (P < 0.01). Group II patients had positive correlation between Lp(a) and LVMI but no relation between Fibrinogen and LVMI. MAU, marker of microangiopathy, is associated with higher Fibrinogen and Lp(a) levels. This becomes basis of increase cardiovascular risk as demonstrated by higher mean LVMI in Group II patients.